ÈÓã Çááå ÇáÑÍãä ÇáÑÍíã
ÇáÏÑÓ ÇáÓÇÏÓ
ÃåáÇ Èßã Ýí ÇáÏÑÓ ÇáÓÇÏÓ ãä ÓáÓáÉ ÏÑæÓ ÊÚáã 3D Xna (ÇáÓáÓáÉ ÇáËÇäíÉ)¡ Ýí åÐÇ ÇáÏÑÓ ÓäÖíÝ ÇáÅÖÇÁÉ Åáì ãÏíäÊäÇ ÈÅÐä Çááå. Óíßæä åÐÇ ÇáÏÑÓ ÞÕíÑ ÌÏÇ¡ áÃääÇ ÞãäÇ ÝÚáíÇ ÈÔÑÍ ÃÓÇÓíÇÊ ÇáÅÖÇÁÉ Ýí ÇáÓáÓáÉ ÇáÃæáì.
ßäæÚ Ãæá ãä ÇáÅÖÇÁÉ¡ ÓæÝ äÞæã ÈÅÓÊÎÏÇã ÖæÁ ãæÌå “directional”¡ ßãÇ ÅÓÊÎÏãÇå Ýí ÇáÓáÓáÉ ÇáÃæáì. ßá ÇáÑÄæÓ Ýí ÇáÚäÇÕÑ Ýí ÇáãÔåÏ áÏíäÇ ÊÍÊæí ÝÚáíÇ Úáì ãÚáæãÇÊ ÇáãÊÌåÇÊ ÇáÚãæÏíå: ÍíË ÞãäÇ ÈÅÖÇÝÊåÇ ÈÔßá ÕÑíÍ Åáì ÇáÑÄæÓ Ýí ÇáãÏíäÉ ÇáËáÇËíÉ ÇáÃÈÚÇÏ¡ ßãÇ Ãä ãáÝ Çá .X ÇáÐí ÞãäÇ ÈÅÓÊÑÇÏ ÇáØÇÆÑÉ ãäå íÍÊæí ÃíÖÇ Úáì ãÚáæãÇÊ ÇáãÊÌåÇÊ ÇáÚãæÏíÉ ÇáÎÇÕÉ ÈåÇ. áÐÇ ßá ãÇ äÍÊÇÌ áÚãáå åæ Ãä äÞæã ÈÊÚÑíÝ ÅÊÌÇå ÇáÖæÁ ÇáÐí äÑíÏ¡ æ ÊäÈíå ÇáÊÞäíÇÊ “techniques” ÇáÊí äÓÊÎÏãåǺ Ãä ÊÃÎÐ ÇáÅÖÇÁÉ ÈÇáÍÓÈÇä!
áÐÇ ÅÈÏà ÈÊÚÑíÝ ÅÊÌÇå ÇáÖæÁ ãä ÎáÇá ÅÖÇÝÉ ÇáÓØÑ ÇáÊÇáí Ýí ÃÚáì ÇáßæÏ áÏíß:

 Vector3 lightDirection = new Vector3(3, -2, 5);

 lightDirection.Normalize();

 effect.Parameters["xEnableLighting"].SetValue(true);
 effect.Parameters["xLightDirection"].SetValue(lightDirection);

 currentEffect.Parameters["xEnableLighting"].SetValue(true);
 currentEffect.Parameters["xLightDirection"].SetValue(lightDirection);

 effect.Parameters["xAmbient"].SetValue(0.5f);

 currentEffect.Parameters["xAmbient"].SetValue(0.5f);

ÚäÏãÇ ÊÞæã ÈÊÔÛíá åÐÇ ÇáßæÏ¡ ÓÊÑì Ãäå áã íÈÞì åäÇß Ãí ÃæÌå ÓæÏÇÁ Ýí ÇáãÈÇäí. æáßä ÃÛáÈ ÇáãÈÇäí ÞÇÊãå Åáì ÍÏÇ ãÇ¡ æáßä ÓÈÈ Ðáß ÃääÇ ääÙÑ Åáì ÇáÌåÉ ÇáÊí ÊÍÊæí Úáì ÇáÙá Ýí ÇáãÏíäÉ. ßãÇ íÌÈ Ãä Êßæä ÞÏ áÇÍÙÊ Ãä åäÇß ÈÚÖ ÇáÇæÌå Ýí ÇáÌåÉ ÇáíÓÑì ãä ÇáãÏíäÉ ãÇÒÇáÊ ãÔÑÞÉ äÊíÌÉ ÖæÁ ÇáÔãÓ (ÇáÖæÁ ÇáãæÌå) ÇáÐí ÞãäÇ ÈÅÖÇÝÊå.


ãä ÇáãÄßÏ Ãäå ÈÇáÅãßÇä ÇáæÕæá Åáì ÊÃËíÑÇÊ ÅÖÇÁÉ ÈäÊíÌÉ ÃÝÖá ãä ÎáÇá ÊÚÑíÝ ÃäæÇÚ ÃÎÑì ãä ÇáÅÖÇÁÉ¡ áßääí áã ÃÞã ÈÅÖÇÝÉ åÐå ÇáÊÃËíÑÇÊ Åáì ãáÝ ÇáÊÃËíÑÇÊ ÇáÎÇÕ Èí¡ áÃäß Ýí ÇáÓáÓáÉ ÇáËÇáËÉ ÓæÝ ÊÊÚáã ßíÝ ÊÝÚá Ðáß ÈäÝÓß¡ ÈÅÐä Çááå.

ÍÇæá Íá ÇáÊãÇÑíä ÇáÊÇáíÉ¡ áããÇÑÓÉ ãÇ ÞÏ ÊÚáãÊå:

 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
 using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio;
 using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
 using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices;
 using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
 using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;
 using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Net;
 using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Storage;
 
 namespace XNAseries2
 {
     public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game
     {
         int[] buildingHeights = new int[] { 0, 2, 2, 6, 5, 4 };
 
         GraphicsDeviceManager graphics;
         GraphicsDevice device;
 
         Effect effect;
         Vector3 lightDirection = new Vector3(3, -2, 5);
         Matrix viewMatrix;
         Matrix projectionMatrix;
 
         Texture2D sceneryTexture;
         Model xwingModel;
 
         int[,] floorPlan;
 
         VertexBuffer cityVertexBuffer;
         VertexDeclaration texturedVertexDeclaration;        
 
         public Game1()
         {
             graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this);
             Content.RootDirectory = "Content";
         }
 
         protected override void Initialize()
         {
             graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 500;
             graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 500;
             graphics.IsFullScreen = false;
             graphics.ApplyChanges();
             Window.Title = "Riemer's XNA Tutorials -- Series 2";
 
             LoadFloorPlan();
             lightDirection.Normalize();
 
             base.Initialize();
         }
 
         protected override void LoadContent()
         {
             device = graphics.GraphicsDevice;
 

            effect = Content.Load<Effect> ("effects");
            sceneryTexture = Content.Load<Texture2D> ("texturemap");
            xwingModel = LoadModel("xwing");

            SetUpVertices();
            SetUpCamera();
        }

        private Model LoadModel(string assetName)
        {

            Model newModel = Content.Load<Model> (assetName);            foreach (ModelMesh mesh in newModel.Meshes)
                foreach (ModelMeshPart meshPart in mesh.MeshParts)
                    meshPart.Effect = effect.Clone(device);
            return newModel;
        }

        private void LoadFloorPlan()
        {
            floorPlan = new int[,]
             {
                 {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1},
                 {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
             };

            Random random = new Random();
            int differentBuildings = buildingHeights.Length - 1;
            for (int x = 0; x < floorPlan.GetLength(0); x++)
                for (int y = 0; y < floorPlan.GetLength(1); y++)
                    if (floorPlan[x, y] == 1)
                        floorPlan[x, y] = random.Next(differentBuildings) + 1;
        }

        private void SetUpCamera()
        {
            viewMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(20, 13, -5), new Vector3(8, 0, -7), new Vector3(0, 1, 0));
            projectionMatrix = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.PiOver4, device.Viewport.AspectRatio, 0.2f, 500.0f);
        }

        private void SetUpVertices()
        {
            int differentBuildings = buildingHeights.Length - 1;
            float imagesInTexture = 1 + differentBuildings * 2;

            int cityWidth = floorPlan.GetLength(0);
            int cityLength = floorPlan.GetLength(1);


            List<VertexPositionNormalTexture> verticesList = new List<VertexPositionNormalTexture> ();
            for (int x = 0; x < cityWidth; x++)
            {
                for (int z = 0; z < cityLength; z++)
                {
                    int currentbuilding = floorPlan[x, z];

                    //floor or ceiling
                    verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector2(currentbuilding * 2 / imagesInTexture, 1)));
                    verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                    verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 + 1) / imagesInTexture, 1)));

                    verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                    verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 + 1) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                    verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 + 1) / imagesInTexture, 1)));

                    if (currentbuilding != 0)
                    {
                        //front wall
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, 0, -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, 0, -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 1)));

                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, 0, -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 0)));

                        //back wall
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, 0, -z), new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, 0, -z), new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 1)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0)));

                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, 0, -z), new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1)));

                        //left wall
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, 0, -z), new Vector3(-1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, 0, -z - 1), new Vector3(-1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 1)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(-1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0)));

                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(-1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(-1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, 0, -z), new Vector3(-1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1)));

                        //right wall
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, 0, -z), new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, 0, -z - 1), new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 1)));

                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, 0, -z), new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                    }
                }
            }

            cityVertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(device, verticesList.Count * VertexPositionNormalTexture.SizeInBytes, BufferUsage.WriteOnly);

            cityVertexBuffer.SetData<VertexPositionNormalTexture> (verticesList.ToArray());
            texturedVertexDeclaration = new VertexDeclaration(device, VertexPositionNormalTexture.VertexElements);
        }

        protected override void UnloadContent()
        {
        }

        protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime)
        {
            base.Update(gameTime);
        }

        protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)
        {
            device.Clear(ClearOptions.Target | ClearOptions.DepthBuffer, Color.DarkSlateBlue, 1.0f, 0);

            DrawCity();
            DrawModel();

            base.Draw(gameTime);
        }

        private void DrawCity()
        {
            effect.CurrentTechnique = effect.Techniques["Textured"];
            effect.Parameters["xWorld"].SetValue(Matrix.Identity);
            effect.Parameters["xView"].SetValue(viewMatrix);
            effect.Parameters["xProjection"].SetValue(projectionMatrix);
            effect.Parameters["xTexture"].SetValue(sceneryTexture);

             effect.Parameters["xEnableLighting"].SetValue(true);
             effect.Parameters["xLightDirection"].SetValue(lightDirection);
             effect.Parameters["xAmbient"].SetValue(0.5f);
             effect.Begin();
             foreach (EffectPass pass in effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes)
             {
                 pass.Begin();
                 device.VertexDeclaration = texturedVertexDeclaration;
                 device.Vertices[0].SetSource(cityVertexBuffer, 0, VertexPositionNormalTexture.SizeInBytes);
                 device.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, cityVertexBuffer.SizeInBytes / VertexPositionNormalTexture.SizeInBytes / 3);
                 pass.End();
             }
             effect.End();
         }
 
         private void DrawModel()
         {
             Matrix worldMatrix = Matrix.CreateScale(0.0005f, 0.0005f, 0.0005f) * Matrix.CreateRotationY(MathHelper.Pi) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(19, 12, -5));
 
             Matrix[] xwingTransforms = new Matrix[xwingModel.Bones.Count];
             xwingModel.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(xwingTransforms);
             foreach (ModelMesh mesh in xwingModel.Meshes)
             {
                 foreach (Effect currentEffect in mesh.Effects)
                 {
                     currentEffect.CurrentTechnique = currentEffect.Techniques["Colored"];
                     currentEffect.Parameters["xWorld"].SetValue(xwingTransforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * worldMatrix);
                     currentEffect.Parameters["xView"].SetValue(viewMatrix);
                     currentEffect.Parameters["xProjection"].SetValue(projectionMatrix);
                     currentEffect.Parameters["xEnableLighting"].SetValue(true);
                     currentEffect.Parameters["xLightDirection"].SetValue(lightDirection);
                     currentEffect.Parameters["xAmbient"].SetValue(0.5f);
                 }
                 mesh.Draw();
             }
         }
     }
 }