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ÇáÏÑÓ ÇáÓÇÈÚ

ÃåáÇ Èßã Ýí ÇáÏÑÓ ÇáÓÇÈÚ ãä ÓáÓáÉ ÏÑæÓ ÊÚáã 3D Xna (ÇáÓáÓáÉ ÇáËÇäíÉ)¡ Ýí åÐÇ ÇáÏÑÓ ÓæÝ äÞæã ÈÊÍÏíÏ ãæÖÚ ÇáßÇãíÑÇ ÈÔßá ÊáÞÇÆí (ÎáÝ ÇáØÇÆÑÉ)¡ ßãÇ ÓäÞæã ÈÅÓÊÎÏÇã ÇáÑÈÇÚíÇÊ “Quaternions” ãä ÃÌá ÇáÅÓÊÏÇÑÉ.
ÊÎíá ÃääÇ äÑíÏ Ãä äÌÚá ØÇÆÑÊäÇ ÊØíÑ Ýí ÃäÍÇÁ ÇáãÏíäÉ ÇáËáÇËíÉ ÇáÃÈÚÇÏ. ÍíäåÇ Óíßæä ÃÝÖá ãßÇä áæÖÚ ÇáßÇãíÑÇ Ýíå åæ ÎáÝ ÇáØÇÆÑÉ¡ ÈÛÖ ÇáäÙÑ Úä ÇáãßÇä æ ÇáÏæÑÇä ÇáÐíä ÊÍãáåãÇ ÇáßÇãíÑÇ.
ÃæáÇ ÓæÝ äÞæã ÈÊÌåíÒ ãÊÛíÑíä ÌÏíÏíä¡ xwingPosition æ xwingRotation. åÐå ÇáãÊÛíÑÇÊ ÓæÝ ÊÞæã ÈÊÍÏíÏ ãæÖÚ ÇáßÇãíÑÇ¡ ÍíË íÌÈ Ãä íÊÛíÑ ãæÖÚ ÇáßÇãíÑÇ ÈäÝÓ ØÑíÞÉ ÊÛíÑ ãæÞÚ æ ÏæÑÇä ÇáØÇÆÑÉ.
ÈÅãßÇääÇ ÊÎÒíä ÏæÑÇä ÇáØÇÆÑÉ ßÞíã ÏæÑÇä ãäÝÕáå Íæá ãÍÇæÑ X¡Y æ Z.
Èßá ÇáÃÍæÇá¡ Ýí ÇáÊØÈíÞ ÇáÚãáí åÐÇ ãÚÞÏ ÌÏÇ. ÇáãÔßáÉ ÈÔßá ÃÓÇÓí åí ßãÇ Ýí ÇáãÕÝæÝÇÊ: Ãä ÇáÏæÑÇä Íæá ãÍæÑ X ãÊÈæÚÇ ÈÏæÑÇä Íæá ãÍæÑ Y áÇ íÓÇæí ÇáÏæÑÇä Íæá ãÍæÑ Y ãÊÈæÚÇ ÈÇáÏæÑÇä Íæá ãÍæÑ X.
ÈÇáÅÖÇÝÉ Åáì Ðáß¡ ÝÅä ÅÔÊÞÇÞ ÇáÏæÇÑä ãä ËáÇË Þíã ãäÝÕáÉ íÍÊÇÌ ÈÚÖ ÇáãÚÇÏáÇÊ ÇáãËáËíÉ (ÇáÌíÈ¡ ÌíÈ ÇáÊãÇã¡ ÇáÙá..) “(sin, cos, tan...)”. Ýí ÈÚÖ ÇáÃÍíÇä¡ ÊÞæã åÐå ÇáÏæÇá ÈÞáÈ ÇáÅÔÇÑÇÊ¡ ããÇ íÄÏí Åáì ÌÚá ÇáØÇÆÑÉ ÊØíÑ Åáì ÇáÎáÝ !!
áÍá ßáÇ ãä ÇáãÔßáÊíä¡ ÓæÝ äÞæã ÈÅÓÊÎÏÇã ÇáÑÈÇÚíÇÊ “Quaternions” ãä ÃÌá ÊÎÒíä ÏæÑÇä ÇáØÇÆÑÉ. ÇáÑÈÇÚíÇÊ ÔÈíå ÈÇáãÕÝæÝÉ ¡ áßäåÇ ÊÞæã ÈÊÎÒíä ÇáÏæÑÇä ÝÞØ. áÇ ÊÏÚ ÅÓã ÇáÑÈÇÚíÇÊ íÎíÝß: áÃäå æ ÈÇáÑÛã ãä ÕÚæÈÉ Ýåã ÇáãäØÞ ÇáÑíÇÖí¡ ÝÅä ÅÓÊÎÏÇã ÇáÑÈÇÚíÇÊ Óåá ÌÏÇ. ÅÐä ÅÈÏà ÈÊÚÑíÝ ÇáãÊÛíÑíä ÇáÊÇáííä Ýí ÃÚáì ÇáßæÏ:

 Vector3 xwingPosition = new Vector3(8, 1, -3);
 Quaternion xwingRotation = Quaternion.Identity; 

Matrix worldMatrix = Matrix.CreateScale(0.0005f, 0.0005f, 0.0005f) * Matrix.CreateRotationY(MathHelper.Pi) * Matrix.CreateFromQuaternion(xwingRotation) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(xwingPosition);

 private void UpdateCamera()
 {
     Vector3 campos = new Vector3(0, 0.1f, 0.6f);
 }

 campos = Vector3.Transform(campos, Matrix.CreateFromQuaternion(xwingRotation));

 campos += xwingPosition;

 Vector3 camup = new Vector3(0, 1, 0);
 camup = Vector3.Transform(camup, Matrix.CreateFromQuaternion(xwingRotation));

 viewMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(campos, xwingPosition, camup);
 projectionMatrix = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.PiOver4, device.Viewport.AspectRatio, 0.2f, 500.0f);

 protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime)
 {
     UpdateCamera();
 
     base.Update(gameTime);
 }

åÐÇ ßá ÔíÆ! ÚäÏãÇ ÊÞæã ÈÊÔÛíá åÐÇ ÇáßæÏ¡ ÓæÝ ÊÑì Ãä ãæÖÚ ÇáßÇãíÑÇ ÎáÝ æ ÃÚáì ÇáØÇÆÑÉ¡ ßãÇ Ýí ÇáÕæÑå ÇáÊÇáíÉ:


ÇáÂä áÏíäÇ ÇáßæÏ ÌÇåÒ ÈÍíË íÞæã ÈÊÚÏíá ÇáØÇÆÑÉ æ ÇáßÇãíÑÇ ÈäÇÁ Úáì ÇáãÊÛíÑÇÊ xwingPosition æ Çá xwingRotation ¡ÅÐä ÍÇä ÇáæÞÊ áÞÑÇÁÉ ãÏÎáÇÊ áæÍÉ ÇáãÝÇÊíÍ. Èßá ÇáÃÍæÇá¡ áÏíäÇ ÇáÂä ßÇãíÑÇ ÏíäÇãíßíÉ ÊáÍÞ ÈÇáØÇÆÑÉ¡ ÈÛÖ ÇáäÙÑ Úä ãæÞÚåÇ æ ÏæÑÇäåÇ.

ÍÇæá Íá ÇáÊãÑíä ÇáÊÇáí¡ áããÇÑÓÉ ãÇ ÞÏ ÊÚáãÊå:
• ÛíÑ ãæÞÚ ÇáØÇÆÑÉ¡ ÓæÝ ÊáÇÍÙ Ãä ÇáßÇãíÑÇ ÞÏ áÍÞÊ ÈåÇ!

ÇáßæÏ :

 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
 using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio;
 using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
 using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices;
 using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
 using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;
 using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Net;
 using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Storage;
 
 namespace XNAseries2
 {
     public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game
     {
         int[] buildingHeights = new int[] { 0, 2, 2, 6, 5, 4 };
 
         GraphicsDeviceManager graphics;
         GraphicsDevice device;
 
         Effect effect;
         Vector3 lightDirection = new Vector3(3, -2, 5);
         Matrix viewMatrix;
         Matrix projectionMatrix;
 
         Texture2D sceneryTexture;
         Model xwingModel;
 
         Vector3 xwingPosition = new Vector3(8, 1, -3);
         Quaternion xwingRotation = Quaternion.Identity;
 
         int[,] floorPlan;
 
         VertexBuffer cityVertexBuffer;
         VertexDeclaration texturedVertexDeclaration;        
 
         public Game1()
         {
             graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this);
             Content.RootDirectory = "Content";
         }
 
         protected override void Initialize()
         {
             graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 500;
             graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 500;
             graphics.IsFullScreen = false;
             graphics.ApplyChanges();
             Window.Title = "Riemer's XNA Tutorials -- Series 2";
 
             LoadFloorPlan();
             lightDirection.Normalize();
 
             base.Initialize();
         }
 
         protected override void LoadContent()
         {
             device = graphics.GraphicsDevice;
 

            effect = Content.Load<Effect> ("effects");
            sceneryTexture = Content.Load<Texture2D> ("texturemap");
            xwingModel = LoadModel("xwing");

            SetUpVertices();
            SetUpCamera();
        }

        private Model LoadModel(string assetName)
        {

            Model newModel = Content.Load<Model> (assetName);            foreach (ModelMesh mesh in newModel.Meshes)
                foreach (ModelMeshPart meshPart in mesh.MeshParts)
                    meshPart.Effect = effect.Clone(device);
            return newModel;
        }

        private void LoadFloorPlan()
        {
            floorPlan = new int[,]
             {
                 {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1},
                 {1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1},
                 {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1},
                 {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
             };

            Random random = new Random();
            int differentBuildings = buildingHeights.Length - 1;
            for (int x = 0; x < floorPlan.GetLength(0); x++)
                for (int y = 0; y < floorPlan.GetLength(1); y++)
                    if (floorPlan[x, y] == 1)
                        floorPlan[x, y] = random.Next(differentBuildings) + 1;
        }

        private void SetUpCamera()
        {
            viewMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(20, 13, -5), new Vector3(8, 0, -7), new Vector3(0, 1, 0));
            projectionMatrix = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.PiOver4, device.Viewport.AspectRatio, 0.2f, 500.0f);
        }

        private void SetUpVertices()
        {
            int differentBuildings = buildingHeights.Length - 1;
            float imagesInTexture = 1 + differentBuildings * 2;

            int cityWidth = floorPlan.GetLength(0);
            int cityLength = floorPlan.GetLength(1);


            List<VertexPositionNormalTexture> verticesList = new List<VertexPositionNormalTexture> ();
            for (int x = 0; x < cityWidth; x++)
            {
                for (int z = 0; z < cityLength; z++)
                {
                    int currentbuilding = floorPlan[x, z];

                    //floor or ceiling
                    verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector2(currentbuilding * 2 / imagesInTexture, 1)));
                    verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                    verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 + 1) / imagesInTexture, 1)));

                    verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                    verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 + 1) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                    verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 + 1) / imagesInTexture, 1)));

                    if (currentbuilding != 0)
                    {
                        //front wall
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, 0, -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, 0, -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 1)));

                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, 0, -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 0)));

                        //back wall
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, 0, -z), new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, 0, -z), new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 1)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0)));

                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, 0, -z), new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1)));

                        //left wall
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, 0, -z), new Vector3(-1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, 0, -z - 1), new Vector3(-1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 1)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(-1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0)));

                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(-1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(-1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, 0, -z), new Vector3(-1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1)));

                        //right wall
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, 0, -z), new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, 0, -z - 1), new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 1)));

                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, 0, -z), new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1)));
                        verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 0)));
                    }
                }
            }

            cityVertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(device, verticesList.Count * VertexPositionNormalTexture.SizeInBytes, BufferUsage.WriteOnly);

            cityVertexBuffer.SetData<VertexPositionNormalTexture> (verticesList.ToArray());
            texturedVertexDeclaration = new VertexDeclaration(device, VertexPositionNormalTexture.VertexElements);
        }

        protected override void UnloadContent()
        {
        }

        protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime)
        {

             UpdateCamera();
 
             base.Update(gameTime);
         }
 
         private void UpdateCamera()
         {
             Vector3 campos = new Vector3(0, 0.1f, 0.6f);
             campos = Vector3.Transform(campos, Matrix.CreateFromQuaternion(xwingRotation));
             campos += xwingPosition;
 
             Vector3 camup = new Vector3(0, 1, 0);
             camup = Vector3.Transform(camup, Matrix.CreateFromQuaternion(xwingRotation));
 
             viewMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(campos, xwingPosition, camup);
             projectionMatrix = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.PiOver4, device.Viewport.AspectRatio, 0.2f, 500.0f);
         }
 
         protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)
         {
             device.Clear(ClearOptions.Target | ClearOptions.DepthBuffer, Color.DarkSlateBlue, 1.0f, 0);
 
             DrawCity();
             DrawModel();
 
             base.Draw(gameTime);
         }
 
         private void DrawCity()
         {
             effect.CurrentTechnique = effect.Techniques["Textured"];
             effect.Parameters["xWorld"].SetValue(Matrix.Identity);
             effect.Parameters["xView"].SetValue(viewMatrix);
             effect.Parameters["xProjection"].SetValue(projectionMatrix);
             effect.Parameters["xTexture"].SetValue(sceneryTexture);
             effect.Parameters["xEnableLighting"].SetValue(true);
             effect.Parameters["xLightDirection"].SetValue(lightDirection);
             effect.Parameters["xAmbient"].SetValue(0.5f);
             effect.Begin();
             foreach (EffectPass pass in effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes)
             {
                 pass.Begin();
                 device.VertexDeclaration = texturedVertexDeclaration;
                 device.Vertices[0].SetSource(cityVertexBuffer, 0, VertexPositionNormalTexture.SizeInBytes);
                 device.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, cityVertexBuffer.SizeInBytes / VertexPositionNormalTexture.SizeInBytes / 3);
                 pass.End();
             }
             effect.End();
         }
 
         private void DrawModel()
         {
             Matrix worldMatrix = Matrix.CreateScale(0.0005f, 0.0005f, 0.0005f) * Matrix.CreateRotationY(MathHelper.Pi) * Matrix.CreateFromQuaternion(xwingRotation) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(xwingPosition);
 
             Matrix[] xwingTransforms = new Matrix[xwingModel.Bones.Count];
             xwingModel.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(xwingTransforms);
             foreach (ModelMesh mesh in xwingModel.Meshes)
             {
                 foreach (Effect currentEffect in mesh.Effects)
                 {
                     currentEffect.CurrentTechnique = currentEffect.Techniques["Colored"];
                     currentEffect.Parameters["xWorld"].SetValue(xwingTransforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * worldMatrix);
                     currentEffect.Parameters["xView"].SetValue(viewMatrix);
                     currentEffect.Parameters["xProjection"].SetValue(projectionMatrix);
                     currentEffect.Parameters["xEnableLighting"].SetValue(true);
                     currentEffect.Parameters["xLightDirection"].SetValue(lightDirection);
                     currentEffect.Parameters["xAmbient"].SetValue(0.5f);
                 }
                 mesh.Draw();
             }
         }
     }
 }